Geol. The contrast between the abruptness of the break in the country on the two sides of the mountains is very marked. On some of the ridges one can see through the gaps the sea like prairie to the East, the undulations of the foot-hills being hardly discernable from the height. To the West - nothing but an ocean of abrupt & pine clad mountains, which may be said to reach from there to the Pacific coast. The rocks where seen 5 or 6 miles E. of the base of the mountains are Cretaceous or Tertiary & though disturbed not metamorphosed but comparatively soft & earthy. A sharp line seems to separate these from the mountains proper & West of this the whole country is corrugated & folded.

Aug 17. Left Camp 7 A.M. & travelled S.Eward up branch valley towards Boundary Mound. Following up nearby as possible the old trail. Axemen ahead hard at work making way through windfall. When we got into the heavy wood proper very tedious never pass more than a few yards when brought up by another windfall which must go round or cut through. Sometimes much difficulty in finding the trail at all. Axemen disperse through the wood & look for old chopping or half grown up blazes. Many of the logs cut 13 years ago still sound. Some old trees which had been dead & partly burned 13 years ago & had then been marked with a blaze still standing. When nearing the old camping place nearest the Monument, missed the trail for some time Among heavy woods, but at last picked it up again.